Annual Audit Manual
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7066 Inventory count conducted other than at the date of the financial statements
Jun-2019
Overview
This topic explains:
- Situations where full physical inventory counting is conducted at a date other than the date of the financial statements
- Matters for consideration when designing audit procedures surrounding changes in inventory
CAS Requirement
If physical inventory counting is conducted at a date other than the date of the financial statements, the auditor shall, in addition to the procedures required by paragraph 4, perform audit procedures to obtain audit evidence about whether changes in inventory between the count date and the date of the financial statements are properly recorded (CAS 501.5).
CAS Guidance
For practical reasons, the physical inventory counting may be conducted at a date, or dates, other than the date of the financial statements. This may be done irrespective of whether management determines inventory quantities by an annual physical inventory counting or maintains a perpetual inventory system. In either case, the effectiveness of the design, implementation and maintenance of controls over changes in inventory determines whether the conduct of physical inventory counting at a date, or dates, other than the date of the financial statements is appropriate for audit purposes. CAS 330, The Auditors Responses to Assessed Risks, establishes requirements and provides guidance on substantive procedures performed at an interim date. See CAS 330.22‑23. (CAS 501.A9)
Where a perpetual inventory system is maintained, management may perform physical counts or other tests to ascertain the reliability of inventory quantity information included in the entity’s perpetual inventory records. In some cases, management or the auditor may identify differences between the perpetual inventory records and actual physical inventory quantities on hand; this may indicate that the controls over changes in inventory are not operating effectively (CAS 501.A10).
Relevant matters for consideration when designing audit procedures to obtain audit evidence about whether changes in inventory amounts between the count date, or dates, and the final inventory records are properly recorded include (CAS 501.A11):
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Whether the perpetual inventory records are properly adjusted
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Reliability of the entity’s perpetual inventory records
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Reasons for significant differences between the information obtained during the physical count and the perpetual inventory records
See OAG Audit 7015 for roll-forward guidance.
OAG Guidance
In determining the appropriate audit procedures to perform over the activity in the intervening period, we consider the following steps, consistent with OAG Audit 7015 to develop an appropriately tailored audit approach:
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Update our understanding and evaluation of controls, and where we plan to place reliance on controls, update our controls testing through period‑end to determine whether controls are operating effectively in the intervening period.
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Obtain the roll-forward/roll‑back schedule for activity in the intervening period and agree beginning balances (i.e., as of the date of our inventory count(s)) and ending balances per the roll‑forward schedule to the general ledger. As part of agreeing the beginning and ending balances per the roll‑forward schedule to the general ledger, we also reconcile the beginning balance to the results of our inventory count (i.e., the final inventory listing tested as part of our observation procedures)
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Perform procedures to conclude the information included in the roll‑forward/roll‑back schedule is complete and accurate. We test the completeness and accuracy of data from the inventory reports utilized in the preparation of the inventory roll‑forward/roll‑back based on OAG Audit 4028.4.
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Determine if additional procedures to test the intervening activity are necessary. We take appropriate credit for other audit tests of inventory purchases/receipts (e.g., testing of purchases as part of inventory cost testing, inventory cut‑off testing, testing the relief of inventory when testing sales transactions, controls testing, testing of non‑standard journal entries, etc.) when determining the nature and extent of substantive tests to perform over the activity in the intervening period.
We may test activity in the intervening period across inventory classes (e.g., raw materials, work‑in‑progress and finished goods) in the aggregate; however, we test each category of transactions (e.g., purchases, sales or other activity/adjustments) separately.
When we observe multiple physical inventory counts as of a date (or multiple dates) other than period end, we can perform our procedures over transactions in multiple roll‑forward/roll‑back periods in the aggregate for all locations for which the roll‑forwards/roll‑backs were prepared using the same process and system. If the roll‑forwards/roll‑backs are created using the same process and the data is derived from the same system, we still need to test the parameters of the relevant reports used to prepare each roll‑forward/roll‑back. In addition, we need to test relevant categories of transactions across the multiple roll‑forward/roll‑back periods. For example, assume we observe the entity’s physical count at location A as of 31 October and location B as of 30 November, and the entity uses the same process and data from the same inventory system to create separate roll‑forwards for each location. In this situation, we 1) separately test the information used to create each roll‑forward (i.e., location A 31 October roll‑forward and location B 30 November roll‑forward), 2) test inventory purchases across both roll‑forwards, 3) test inventory shipments across both roll‑forwards and 4) test other activity/adjustments across both roll‑forwards.
When a single roll‑forward/roll‑back is prepared for multiple locations where one or more of the locations was not selected for our testing (e.g., not subject to our inventory observation procedures), testing the intervening period is performed over the combined roll‑forward/roll‑back, inclusive of the activity at locations not selected for testing.
There may be situations where the entity prepares the roll‑forward/roll‑back using a beginning date prior to the inventory observation. For example, if the entity performs an inventory count on 15 October, the entity may use 30 September, as the beginning date for the roll‑forward. In this situation, in addition to testing the activity in the roll‑forward period, we trace and agree the counts from our observation into the final physical inventory listing as of the count date and check that the book‑to‑physical adjustment was included in the roll‑forward/roll‑back.
The nature and extent of our audit procedures to perform over the activity in the intervening period would depend on an evaluation of the considerations discussed above and engagement circumstances. If we determine that tests of details need to be performed, targeted testing of large or higher risk items would be the first consideration. We could also apply audit sampling if considered appropriate. Refer to OAG Audit 7015 for general guidance on the nature and extent of our procedures in the intervening period.