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Engagement quality reviews are an objective evaluation of significant matters, including identified risks and significant judgments made by the engagement team, and the team’s conclusions reached in formulating the engagement report. An engagement quality reviewer performs his or her review in a timely manner at appropriate stages of the audit. An assurance report is not dated until the completion of the engagement quality review.
This section describes the process for selecting assurance engagements that require an engagement quality review and the appointment of engagement quality reviewers.
An engagement quality review shall be required and an engagement quality reviewer shall be assigned for all financial audits of a listed entity. [Jun-2018]
The assignment of an engagement quality reviewer for all other assurance engagements shall be based on the level of risk associated with the assurance engagement. [Nov-2011]
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, shall approve engagement quality reviews and the appointment of individuals to the engagement quality reviewer role. [Dec-2022]
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, is responsible for evaluating all assurance engagements and approving engagement quality review assignments. He or she will consider the Selection Criteria in this guidance and consult with the assistant auditors general of the applicable practice when evaluating the level of risk associated with an assurance engagement.
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, completes this process at least annually and revisits it as new risk factors or changes in circumstances arise.
An engagement quality review is required and an engagement quality reviewer will be assigned for all financial audits of a listed entity. For purposes of complying with this policy, listed entities are those entities whose shares, stock or debt are quoted or listed on a recognized stock exchange, or are marketed under the regulations of a recognized stock exchange or other equivalent body.
The assignment of an engagement quality review for all other assurance engagements will be based on the evaluation and documentation of the level of risk associated with the assurance engagement done by the principal of methodology, Audit Services. The assurance engagements assessed at an acceptable level of risk to the Office will not require an engagement quality review.
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, considers (a) the nature of the entity and engagement and (b) any unusual engagement circumstances and risks when evaluating the level of risk associated with an assurance engagement.
Criteria to assess the nature of the entity and engagement
the accountability relationship of the entity, the importance of its mandate, and the degree to which the entity or program is visible in the public eye;
the political sensitivity including recent parliamentary interest in the entity or the subject matter of the assurance engagement;
the size of the entity or program, the number of entities scoped into the assurance engagement, or the Office’s past experience reporting on the subject matter of the engagement;
the Office’s reporting responsibility for the assurance engagement, including joint-audit engagements, whereby the Office signs an opinion or issues a report together with a public accounting firm or another legislative audit office;
the nature of the entity’s operations, such as the existence of very complex and specialized transactions or issues that require significant professional judgment to evaluate;
the results of the assessment of engagement risk performed by the engagement team, including the acceptance and continuance risk assessment;
the extent of professional judgment and expertise required by the engagement team in order to assess management’s significant judgments and estimates and management’s assessment of significant risks and key measures of performance;
the composition of the engagement team, such as a newly appointed audit principal, significant turnover in the engagement team, or the team’s limited experience with the objectives or subject matter of the engagement;
the engagement leader has been recently promoted, or does not have current audit experience (>2 years); and
is an international engagement.
Criteria to assess unusual engagement circumstances and risks
recent history of difficult or contentious engagement issues, including disagreements with management, negative conclusions in previous reports, and reservations in previous opinions and reports;
uncertainty about the entity’s ability to continue operating as a going concern or to deliver its mandate;
any other specified risk factors, such as known and potential threats to the Office’s independence;
the engagement has recently resulted in a modified opinion; and
significant prior period errors are being identified on a recurring basis.
During the course of an assurance engagement, if an engagement leader identifies new risk factors or changes in circumstances that lead them to believe that an engagement quality review would be beneficial, they should communicate these concerns to the principal of methodology, Audit Services, in a timely manner.
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, is responsible for identifying eligible individuals to be appointed as engagement quality reviewers. The principal of methodology, Audit Services, will consider the criteria established in this policy and consultations when identifying an eligible engagement quality reviewer.
This process will be completed at least annually and revisited as threats to the engagement quality reviewer’s objectivity or changes in circumstances arise.
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, will apply professional judgment and consider the assessed level of risk for the assurance engagement when identifying one or more individuals with sufficient and appropriate authority to fulfill the role of engagement quality reviewer. The engagement quality review is performed solely by the individual appointed as engagement quality reviewer.
The principal of methodology, Audit Services, considers the following eligibility criteria when identifying individuals for appointment as engagement quality reviewers:
sufficient up-to-date technical knowledge in the subject matter relevant to the assurance engagement;
sufficient and appropriate experience and expertise;
independence from the entity, in fact and in appearance;
rotation requirements;
ability to provide an objective evaluation of significant matters, including identified risks, significant judgments, and the conclusions reached;
sufficient and appropriate authority to challenge judgments made by the engagement leader; and
sufficient time to perform the review according to the expected timing of the assurance engagement.
The engagement quality reviewer should be, and be seen to be, free of influences that would impair his or her objectivity from the engagement and the entity (OAG Audit 3031 Independence and OAG Audit 1071 Job rotation).
During the engagement quality reviewer selection process, the principal of methodology, Audit Services, may identify potential threats to the engagement quality reviewer’s objectivity, independence, and authority. Where threats are considered significant, the principal of methodology, Audit Services, may choose to identify, document, and apply safeguards to reduce threats to an acceptable level.
OAG Audit 3063 Engagement quality reviewer responsibilities addresses the degree to which an engagement quality reviewer can be consulted on the engagement without compromising the reviewer’s objectivity. It also addresses impairment of the engagement quality reviewer’s eligibility to perform the review post initial appointment to the role.